When a tragic plane crash occurs—whether involving a private aircraft, helicopter, or commercial flight—the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) steps in to lead the investigation. For families mourning the loss of a loved one, the NTSB process can seem long, complex, and emotionally distant. However, understanding how this investigation works can help provide clarity and peace of mind during an otherwise overwhelming time.
Below is a general overview of what families can expect during an NTSB aviation investigation and how the findings may support future legal action.
What Is the NTSB?
The NTSB is an independent federal agency responsible for investigating civil transportation accidents in the United States, including aviation, marine, rail, highway, and pipeline incidents. Its mission is not to assign legal liability, but to determine the probable cause of accidents and issue safety recommendations to prevent similar tragedies in the future.
How the Investigation Begins
When a plane crash is reported, the NTSB typically deploys a team of investigators—sometimes within hours—depending on the severity and location of the accident. Their initial objectives include:
- Securing the crash site
- Documenting wreckage, debris patterns, and environmental conditions
- Collecting data from witnesses, air traffic controllers, and first responders
- Recovering flight data recorders (black box)
- Coordinating with the FAA and local authorities
In private aircraft crashes, such as those involving single-engine planes or helicopters, the wreckage is often moved to a secure facility for a more thorough inspection.
What They Investigate
The NTSB’s investigation covers all aspects of the flight, including:
- Aircraft performance and mechanical systems
- Maintenance records and inspection logs
- Pilot qualifications and medical history
- Weather conditions and forecasts
- Air traffic control communications
- Flight path and data analysis
If the crash involves a specific aircraft model with a known history of safety issues, investigators may also evaluate whether a design flaw or prior service bulletin played a role.
Timeline of the Investigation
NTSB investigations typically proceed in stages:
- Preliminary Report: Released within about 2–3 weeks, summarizing basic facts (flight origin, time, type of aircraft, known damage). This report does not assign blame.
- Factual Report: Released months later, includes all technical findings—weather, mechanicals, witness accounts, and pilot behavior.
- Probable Cause Report: The final determination of what most likely led to the crash. This may take 12 to 24 months to complete, depending on the case’s complexity.
While the process can feel slow, the depth of analysis is vital to understanding what went wrong.
Family Involvement
The NTSB has a Transportation Disaster Assistance (TDA) division that works directly with families to provide updates and access to information. Family members may:
- Receive early briefings from NTSB officials
- Submit questions or concerns through a liaison
- Be invited to review the factual report before it becomes public
Importantly, while families are kept informed, they are not allowed to influence the outcome of the investigation, and they do not participate in the analysis process itself.
Can the NTSB Assign Fault?
No. The NTSB does not determine legal liability. Its role is solely to identify what caused or contributed to the crash and to recommend safety improvements.
However, the findings—particularly the probable cause report—are often used by attorneys, insurers, and courts to establish negligence or identify defective equipment, which can form the basis for wrongful death lawsuits or product liability claims.
How a Lawyer Can Help During an NTSB Investigation
Families seeking justice after an aviation accident should consult an aviation accident attorney early in the process. A lawyer can:
- Monitor and interpret NTSB findings
- Launch a parallel investigation to identify liability
- Preserve key evidence, including maintenance logs and eyewitness accounts
- Consult independent aviation experts and accident reconstructionists
- Prepare legal claims once federal findings are published
Having legal counsel ensures that a family’s rights are protected and that no evidence critical to a civil claim is overlooked.
Contact an Aviation Accident Attorney
At Spagnoletti Law Firm, we support families through every step of the aftermath of an aviation tragedy. We understand the emotional toll of these cases and the need for clear answers, legal accountability, and financial recovery.
If you’ve lost a loved one in an aircraft crash, our team of plane crash lawyers are here to help. Call 713-804-9306 today for a free consultation. Let us guide you through the legal process while you focus on honoring and remembering those you’ve lost.